FOR INTRPRETERS HEART BY PASS SURGERY

http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/guide/heart-disease-bypass-surgery Heart Disease and Heart Bypass Surgery In this article Which Blood Vessels Are Used for Grafts in Heart Bypass Surgery? How Is Traditional Heart Bypass Surgery Performed? What Is Off-Pump Heart Bypass Surgery? What Is Minimally Invasive Heart Bypass Surgery? Heart bypass surgery can be used to treat heart disease when your coronary arteries are blocked. Your doctor may treat the problem by giving the blood a new pathway to the heart. During coronary artery bypass graft surgery (also called CABG, or "cabbage"), a blood vessel is removed or redirected from one area of the body and placed around the area or areas of narrowing in order to "bypass" the blockages and restore blood flow to the heart muscle. This vessel is called a graft. Recommended Related to Heart DiseaseAcute Myocardial Infarcation (Heart Attack) Patient Education Center Visit WebMD's Heart Disease Health Center Newly Diagnosed? Find out more Heart Attack: Get Information From the Cleveland Clinic Cardiac Rehabilitation: Get Information From the Cleveland Clinic Looking for Clinical Trials? Check here Cholesterol Facts Test Your Heart Attack Knowledge Reach Out: Heart Disease ... Read the Acute Myocardial Infarcation (Heart Attack) Patient Education Center article > > These substitute blood vessels can come from your chest, legs, or arms. They're safe to use because there are other pathways that take blood to and from those tissues. The surgeon will decide which graft(s) to use depending on the location of your blockage, the amount of blockage and the size of your coronary arteries. Heart bypass surgery is one of the most commonly performed surgeries in the U.S. Which Blood Vessels Are Used for Grafts in Heart Bypass Surgery? There are several types of bypass grafts used for heart bypass surgery. The surgeon decides which graft(s) to use, based on the location of the blockage, the amount of blockage, and the size of the patient's coronary arteries. •Internal mammary arteries (also called thoracic arteries). These are the most common bypass grafts used, as they have been shown to have the best long-term results. In most cases, these arteries can be kept intact at their origin since they have their own oxygen-rich blood supply. During the procedure, the arteries are sewn to the coronary artery below the site of blockage. This artery is located in the chest and can be accessed through the primary incision for the bypass surgery. •Saphenous veins. These veins are removed from your leg, and then sewn from your aorta to the coronary artery below the site of blockage. Minimally invasive saphenous vein removal may be performed and results in less scarring and a faster recovery. •Radial artery. There are two arteries in the lower part of the arm, the ulnar and radial arteries. Most people receive adequate blood flow to their hand from the ulnar artery alone and will not have any side effects if the radial artery is removed and used as a graft. Careful preoperative and intraoperative tests determine if the radial artery can be used. If you have certain conditions (such as Raynaud's, carpal tunnel syndrome, or painful fingers in cold air) you may not be a candidate for this type of bypass graft. The radial artery incision is in your forearm, about 2 inches from your elbow and ending about 1 inch from your wrist. Some people report numbness in the wrist after surgery. However, long-term sensory loss or numbness is uncommon. •The gastroepiploic artery to the stomach and the inferior epigastric artery to the abdominal wall are less commonly used for grafting. It is common for three or four coronary arteries to be bypassed during surgery. A coronary artery bypass can be performed with traditional surgery (see below) or with minimally invasive surgery (see below). Your surgeon will review your diagnostic tests prior to your surgery to see if you are a candidate for minimally invasive bypass surgery.

aspects of medical translation

https://books.google.com.ar/books?id=q_hfnLg6W8cC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=PARTS+OF+THE+BODY%2BTRANSLATION+INTO+SPANISH&source=bl&ots=q64qpYq2Qm&sig=b4GBmRi1TBuc6vR40nkBb3G3bWU&hl=es-419&sa=X&ei=GN83VfebMoq0sASlqICYBw&ved=0CFwQ6AEwCzgK#v=onepage&q=PARTS%20OF%20THE%20BODY%2BTRANSLATION%20INTO%20SPANISH&f=false

ART AND SINCERITY BY LEON TOLSTOY

I recommend this article to you by the great Russian writer Leon Tolstoy http://denisdutton.com/tolstoy.htm

LINK TO EXERCISE ON COLLOCATIONS

http://speakspeak.com/a/html/d3c13_resources_grammar_advanced_collocations.htm

THE YOU TUBER PHENOMENON by ANA LOVATO

The Youtuber Phenomenon They call him Pewdiepie. He’s currently one of the most subscribed to people on Youtube, and the most subscribed to Let’s Play channel (a channel devoted to playing video games while someone makes commentary over it). Now, depending on your position, he’s either someone who brightens your day and makes you laugh, or someone who raises your blood pressure from the mere mention of his name. But that’s not what I want to discuss today (like or don’t like whoever you want, but don’t push others around because they disagree with you…that’s just stupid). Really, he’s just one part of a phenomenon that has taken the internet by storm in recent years. They call him Pewdiepie, but they also call him a Youtuber. In the most basic sense of the word, Youtuber is slang for someone who creates videos and then uploads them onto Youtube. But there are certain connotations to the word. Namely, it’s that Youtubers are consistently generating content on a regular basis (I mean most people wouldn’t consider someone who uploads only two or three videos in the span of ten years a Youtuber, let’s put it that way). But what interests me the most is not what these people do, but what they represent. It’s hard to deny that there hasn’t been a major shift in our culture over the last few decades. Just looking back at the 1990s, you can see a world of difference in how we handle ourselves. Technology is leaps and bounds above what I had when I was growing up. It’s amazing, terrifying, and brilliant, all at the same time. One of our major cultural shifts over the years has been in how we determine what is and what isn’t a job, and how we work these jobs. If you look back at the generation before mine, people were often molded into specific roles. The old cliché goes that the husband works and the wife stays at home, which has fast become little more than an old stereotype often played off on in sitcoms and the like. But more so than that, we had the notion that you go to work a nine to five job, go home, eat dinner, sleep, and then do it all over again the next day until the weekend. It was very structured and repetitive like that, which is what a lot of people wanted (and still want). Things are different today. Many people, instead of working one full-time job, take on two part-time ones to make ends meet. The economy has shifted, and our perceptions have shifted along with it. Still others will work out of their homes, freelancing stuff out for people and companies on a job-by-job basis. We can no longer adhere to the nine to five, full-time employment idea because there just simply aren’t enough full-time jobs out there anymore. This is where things like Youtubers come in. They are proof that even as the world economy is in dire straits, there are still ways for people to live a fulfilling and successful life for themselves, doing something that they truly enjoy. They’re not necessarily the easy way, but life isn’t easy right? Life is full of struggle and joy, success and failure, happiness and sadness. Life is a journey, and no journey was ever said to be easy.