PET How Colors may affect us R.C.

Read the text and then answer questions 1-


Different Colours can affect us in many different ways; that’s according to Verity Allen.  In her new series ‘Colour me Healthy’, Verity looks at the ways that colours can influence how hard we work and the choices we make.  They can even change our emotions and even influence how healthy we are. 

‘Have you ever noticed how people always use the same colours for the same things?’ says Verity.  ‘Our toothpaste is always white or blue or maybe red.  It’s never green.  Why not?  For some reason we think that blue and white is clean, while we think of green products as being a bit disgusting.  It’s the same for businesses.  We respect a company which writes its name in blue or black, but we don’t respect one that uses pink or orange.  People who design new products can use these ideas to influence what we buy.’
During this four-part series, Verity studies eight different colours, two colours in each programme.  She meets people who work in all aspects of the colour industry, from people who design food packets, to people who name the colours of lipsticks.  Some of the people she meets clearly have very little scientific knowledge to support their ideas, such as the American ‘Colour Doctor’ who believes that serious diseases can be cured by the use of coloured lights.  However, she also interviews real scientists who are studying the effects of green and red lights on mice, with some surprising results. 
Overall, it’s an interesting show, and anyone who watches it will probably find out something new.  But because Verity is goes out of her way to be polite to everyone she meets on the series, it’s up to the viewers to make their own decisions about how much they should believe.

1  

What is the writer doing in this text?

giving information about how colours influence us
reporting what happens in a new television series
giving information about a television presenter
giving his opinion of a recent television show

PET English Villages R.C. TRUE -FALSE

Read the text about some English villages. Then look at the sentences at the bottom of the page and decide if each sentecne is True or False.

Explore the Villages around HartbridgeMany visitors come to Hartbridge to see the wonderful art galleries and museums, the beautiful buildings and the fantastic parks. Few people go outside the city, and so they miss out on experiencing the scenery and the fascinating history of this beautiful area. This brochure will tell you what you can see if you take a short bus ride out of the city.

CamberwellThe historic village of Camberwell was once the home of the wealthy Hugo family. They lived in a huge country house, Camberwell Court, and owned all the land in the area. The family sold their house in the 1940s, and it is now open to the public. You can spend a whole day walking around the house and gardens. There is a small exhibition about the family, a children’s play area, a gift shop and a restaurant. But the village of Camberwell is also worth a visit. There are some beautiful cottages with well kept gardens, and there is a small church which dates back to the eleventh century. To get to Camberwell, take Bus 46 from the Bus station. Buses leave every two hours.

HidcotHidcot is an attractive village situated on the River Owell. Wildlife lovers should visit the Nature Park to the south of the village, where there are large numbers of rare birds and flowers. However, you will probably see plenty of wildlife from the bridge in the village centre! In Hidcot, you can take a two-hour river cruise - a great way to see the countryside and learn about the local wildlife from a guide. If you prefer to explore the river by yourself, it’s well worth walking one and a half miles along the river to the pub ‘The Boat’ which cannot be reached by road. Here, you can hire small boats and explore the river at your leisure. To get to Hidcot, take Bus 7A to Reeford. Hidcot is half way between Hartbridge and Reeford.

TatterbridgeThe beautiful village of Tatterbridge was home to the children’s writer Jane Potter, whose stories of Benjamin Bear are loved by adults and children around the world. Jane Potter’s home is now a museum and tea shop, and is well worth a visit just for its wonderful gardens. It also has a gift shop where you can buy souvenirs and books. Tatterbridge has a number of interesting shops including an excellent cake shop, and ‘Wendy’s Giftshop’ where you can find lots of unusual gifts made by hand by local artists. Lovers of Jane Potter’s books should also walk to the Green Valley woods, which have not changed since Jane Potter wrote her stories there one hundred years ago.
To get to Tatterbridge, take Bus 4 from outside the cinema. It takes about 40 minutes to get there.

MoordaleThis old industrial village is the highest village in the area. Here in the hills, coal was found in the late eighteenth century, and people came here in great numbers to take it out of the ground and transport it to the nearby towns. Many industries grew up in the area, including a paper factory and a cotton factory. The industries all closed down in the nineteenth century, and since then Moordale has gone back to being a quiet farming village. However, if you walk from the village centre up the steep hill to the north, you can still see the paths where horses used to carry the coal. There is a four mile walk around the village which has some amazing views, but walkers are must be careful as the path is steep in places and they could slip. To get to Moordale, take Bus 7A to Reeford, and then take the number 38 bus to Moordale.

1. It is unusual for visitors to visit the villages near Hartbridge.SelectTrueFalse
2. The Hugo family allows people to visit their current home.SelectTrueFalse
3. The leaflet advises visitors not to spend all day at Camberwell Court.SelectTrueFalse
4. You can hire small boats from the bridge in Hidcot.SelectTrueFalse
5. You can take the bus directly to ‘The Boat’ pub near Hidcot.SelectTrueFalse
6. The leaflet says that the gardens are the best part of Jane Potter’s home.SelectTrueFalse
7. Jane Potter wrote her books in the Green Valley woods.SelectTrueFalse
8. You can visit the paper factory and the cotton factory in Moordale.SelectTrueFalse
9. You will see horses on farms as you walk around Moordale.SelectTrueFalse
10. You can get to all four villages directly from Hartbridge.SelectTrueFalse

definition of dissemination according to text about globalisation ( Writing folder page 90 line 14)

Dissemination

To disseminate, in terms of the field of communication, means to broadcast a message to the public without direct feedback from the audience. Dissemination takes on the theory of the traditional view of communication, which involves a sender and receiver. The traditional communication view point is broken down into a sender sending information, and receiver collecting the information processing it and sending information back, like a telephone line.
With dissemination, only half of this communication model theory is applied. The information is sent out and received, but no reply is given. The message carrier sends out information, not to one individual, but many in a broadcasting system. An example of this transmission of information is in fields of advertising, public announcements, and speeches. Another way to look at dissemination is that of which it derives from the Latin roots, the scattering of seeds. These seeds are metaphors for voice or words: to spread voice, words, and opinion to an audience. Dissemination can be powerful when adding rhetoric or other forms of persuasiveness to the speech. According to John Durham Peters who wrote "Communication as Dissemination," stated that, "making a public offering is perhaps the most basic of all communicative acts, but once the seeds are cast, their harvest is never assured...The metaphor of dissemination points to the contingency of all words and deeds, their uncertain consequences, and their governance by probabilities rather than certainties." (Peters, Communication as Dissemination.) In other words, dissemination of words to multiple people can take on multiple meanings to each individual depending on the experience, the attitude, the knowledge, the race or even the gender of the listener. All of these aspects can distort the message that the sender is disseminating towards the public. Depending on the circumstances, the surroundings and the environment the listener is receiving this message in, can also have an effect on the outcome of the meaning of the message received. This interference is also known as "Noise" in the traditional model of communication theory. Noise can distort the original meaning of the message.
John Durham Peter explains, "Broadcasting information to an open ended destination is a feature of all speech. The metaphor of dissemination directs our attention to those vast continents of signification that are not directly interactive." (Peters, Communication as Dissemination.) Dissemination basically sends information to a audience, without direct contact to the receiver, and without a direct response or clarification method that a conversation or dialogue would have. ^[1]

The Archbishop of Canterbury on the Royal Wedding

Some CPE sample papers...

CAMBRIDGE


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Not all of them have their key.

Are plants sentient?

Can plants actually feel pain the same way animals do? The notion that plants can feel emotions was first put forward in 1848 by a German professor, Dr. Gustav Fechner. he also hinted at the possibility of improving plants' development and wellbeing by tender caretaking on humans part.
Playright George B. Shaw was reportedly taken aback by the discovery that cabbages had violent convulsions when boiled to death, an experiment carried out by an Indian scientist called Bose, back in 1900.
Likewise, it has been proved that when placed in the midst of a pleasant environment, as would be with classical music, plants thrive whereas if the music is of a more agressive nature, they tend to recoil.
Another scientist went even further by claiming that plants can anticipate or foresee human's intent to harm them, thereby showing physical reactions if such a person gets nearer them.
All these findings seem to bear out the main theme of the short story written by Roald Dahl, The Sound Machine.

How about listening to a story about lies???

http://freestoriesforkids.com/audiostories/american-english/great-palace-lies-audio-story-kids-music-and-sound-effects

The Sacred Balance - Gaia Hypothesis

David Suzuki talks with James Lovelock about the origins of his "Gaia" hypothesis, which suggests that the Earth is one organism. From the documentary series "The Sacred Balance", produced by Kensington Communications (www.kensingtontv.com) - copyright 2002.

By Martha O. - (Ana Lovato's class)

The tragedy of dying languages -

The death of the last speaker of an ancient language in India's Andaman Islands highlights the fact that half of the world's 7,000 languages are in danger of disappearing. Linguist K David Harrison argues that we still have much to learn from vanishing languages.

My journey as a scientist exploring the world's vanishing languages has taken me from the Siberian forests to the Bolivian Altiplano, from a McDonald's in Michigan to a trailer park in Utah. In all these places I've listened to last speakers - dignified elders - who hold in their minds a significant portion of humanity's intellectual wealth.

Though it belongs solely to them and has inestimable value to their people, they do not hoard it. In fact they are often eager to share it. What can we learn from these languages before they go extinct? And why should we lift a finger to help rescue them?

Though it belongs solely to them and has inestimable value to their people, they do not hoard it. In fact they are often eager to share it. What can we learn from these languages before they go extinct? And why should we lift a finger to help rescue them?

We imagine eureka moments taking place in modern laboratories or classical civilizations. But key insights of biology, pharmacology, genetics, and navigation arose and persisted solely by word of mouth, in small, unwritten tongues. Finally, this web of knowledge contains feats of human ingenuity -epics, myths, rituals - that celebrate and interpret our existence.

Pundits argue that linguistic differences are little more than random drift, minor variations in meaning and pronunciation that emerge over time (the British say 'lorry', Americans 'truck'; Tuesday is CHEWS-day, for Brits, TOOZ-day for Americans).

These reveal nothing interestingly different about our souls or minds, some claim. But that's like saying that the Pyramid of Cheops differs from Notre Dame Cathedral only by stone-cutting techniques that evolved randomly in different times and places; revealing nothing unique in the ancient Egyptian or Medieval French imagination.

All cultures encode their genius in verbal monuments, while considerably fewer do so in stone edifices. We might as well proclaim human history banal, and human genius of no value to our survival.

The fate of languages is interlinked with that of species, as they undergo parallel extinctions. Scientific knowledge is comparable for both domains, with an estimated 80% of plant and animal species unknown to science, and 80% of languages yet to be documented.

But species and ecosystems unknown to science are well-known to local people, whose languages encode not only names for things, but also complex interrelations among them.

Packaged in ways that resist direct translation, this knowledge dissipates when people shift to speaking global tongues. What the Kallawaya of Bolivia know about medicinal plants, how the Yupik of Alaska name 99 distinct sea ice formations, how the Tofa of Siberia classify reindeer. Entire domains of ancient knowledge, only scantily documented, are rapidly eroding.

Linguistic survivors hold the fates of languages in their minds and mouths.

Johnny Hill, Jr of the Chemehuevi tribe of Arizona is a big, imposing man, but he instantly wins people over with his gentle humility. Designated "last speaker" of Chemehuevi, Johnny achieved celebrity in the 2008 documentary film The Linguists.

Although he had never previously travelled far from his reservation or flown on an aeroplane, Johnny mesmerized film festival-goers with his life story. Raised by his grandmother who spoke only Chemehuevi, Johnny learned English at school seeking a path out of isolation.

At the other end of his lifespan, Johnny finds himself linguistically isolated once again. "I have to talk to myself," he explains resignedly. "There's nobody left to talk to, all the elders have passed on, so I talk to myself... that's just how it is."

Johnny has tried to teach his children and others in the tribe. "Trouble is," he sighs, "they say they want to learn it, but when it comes time to do the work, nobody comes around."

Speakers react differently to loss - from indifference to despair - and adopt diverse strategies. Some blame governments or globalization, others blame themselves. Around the world, a growing wave of language activists works to revitalize their threatened tongues. Positive attitudes are the single most powerful force keeping languages alive, while negative ones can doom them.

Two dozen language hotspots have now been identified globally, and new technologies are being mobilised to the cause.

A Torres Straits' Islander in Australia told me: "Our language is standing still, we need to make it relevant to today's society. We need to create new words, because right now we can't say 'computer'."

The lowly text message may lift obscure tongues to new levels of prestige, translated software may help them cross the digital divide. Hip-hop performed in threatened tongues, as I've heard among young Aka speakers in India, infuses new vitality.

Language revitalisation will prove to be one of the most consequential social trends of coming decades. This push-back against globalization will profoundly influence human intellectual life, deciding the fate of ancient knowledge.

What hubris allows us, cocooned comfortably in our cyber-world, to think that we have nothing to learn from people who a generation ago were hunter-gatherers? What they know - which we've forgotten or never knew - may some day save us.

We hear their voices, now muted, sharing knowledge in 7,000 different ways of speaking. Let's listen while we still can.

BBC article  5 February 2010 by the linguist K David Harrison

posted by Natalia CPE

Color: A Revolutionary, Secretive New Social Network

A new social networking app called "Color" launches today, but it's not trying to compete with Facebook. It's for connecting with the people right next to you, not far-flung friends. It doesn't work on your laptop or desktop, just on smartphones. And it's designed to be entirely open, like Twitter — it doesn't even have the option of privacy settings. The smartphone app is for sharing photos, text messages and video, automatically, with anyone else using it within 100 feet.

Color has been top secret until today. Serial entrepreneur Bill Nguyen managed to raise $41 million from top VCs, Sequoia, Bain, and Silicon Valley bank — all without any news leaking out. Nguyen sold his last company, Lala.com to Apple for $80 million, and is drawing on his connections at both Apple and Google to help get the app prime placement in the app stores.

So what's Color for? Let's say you're at a party. You open the free app and take a photo — you don't have to log in or upload the photo. It's automatically shared with other people in the room and you can see everything they're snapping.

It's like an instant Twitter feed of photos from all the people in close proximity to you. Since you spend a lot of time near your spouse, he or she would also see the feed of photos from the people around you, and you of him or her.

Color is not for those with privacy concerns — it's only designed to be on when you're living your life in public. There are some safeguards — like you can block certain other users — but once you open the app you and your presence can be documented and shared.

The app will only be effective if a lot of people use it. But if it does catch on, it could be incredibly valuable in situations like protests in the middle east or after a natural disaster, like the Japanese tsunami. Twitter allows you to connect with people talking about the same thing. Color allows you to see what people near you are talking about and taking pictures of. And Color is a Twitter developer, so photos from the app can be Tweeted out. 

CEO Nguyen says he sees even further Twitter integration down the line.

The app is free and launching without ads, but the company plans to eventually make money from ads targeting users' location. When you're in a restaurant it could serve ads with photos of what your friends (based on who you spend time around) took pictures of or wrote text updates about.

Color could truly revolutionize the way we think about communication. The question is whether its total openness will spook users concerned about privacy, and whether it can get to a critical mass quickly enough to take off.

WHAT DO YOU THINK ABOUT IT?
JOANNE MAÑÁ

Naomi Klein & globalization

About Naomi Klein

NAOMI KLEIN is an award-winning journalist, syndicated columnist and author of the New York Times and #1 international bestseller, The Shock Doctrine: The Rise of Disaster Capitalism. Published worldwide in 2007, The Shock Doctrine is being translated in over 25 languages and has over a million copies in print. It appeared on multiple ‘best of year’ lists including as a New York Times Critics’ Pick of the Year. Rachel Maddow called The Shock Doctrine, "The only book of the last few years in American publishing that I would describe as a mandatory must-read.”

Naomi Klein’s first book No Logo: Taking Aim at the Brand Bullies was also an international bestseller, translated into over 25 languages with more than a million copies in print. The New York Times called it “a movement bible.” A tenth anniversary edition of No Logo was published worldwide in 2009. The Literary Review of Canada has named it one of the hundred most important Canadian books ever published. A collection of her writing, Fences and Windows: Dispatches from the Front Lines of the Globalization Debate was published in 2002.

In 2007, the six-minute companion film to The Shock Doctrine, created by Alfonso Cuaron, acclaimed director of Children of Men, was an Official Selection of the Venice Biennale, San Sebastien and Toronto International Film Festivals. The Shock Doctrine was also adapted into a feature length documentary by award winning director Michael Winterbottom and premiered at the Sundance Film Festival in 2010. In 2004, Naomi Klein wrote The Take, a feature documentary about Argentina’s occupied factories co-produced with director Avi Lewis. The film was an Official Selection of the Venice Biennale and won the Best Documentary Jury Prize at the American Film Institute’s Film Festival in Los Angeles.

Naomi Klein is a contributing editor for Harper’s and reporter for Rolling Stone, and writes a regular column for The Nation and The Guardian that is syndicated internationally by The New York Times Syndicate. In 2004, her reporting from Iraq for Harper’s won the James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism. Additionally, her writing has appeared in The New York Times, The Washington Post, Newsweek, The Los Angeles Times, The Globe and Mail, El Pais, L’Espresso and The New Statesman, among many other publications.

She is a former Miliband Fellow at the London School of Economics and holds an honorary Doctor of Civil Laws from the University of King’s College, Nova Scotia.

The Dangers of Social Networking Sites

The dangers of social networking sites are real, and too many people underestimate the potential for serious problems. Protect your family from the hazards of social networking by knowing the risks and making sure your family is playing it safe.

Watch What You Share
It's far too easy to give away personal information that can enable people to find you or your family members. Never put your personal address, phone number or full name on a social networking site. People can easily use this information and cross-reference it with network directories to find your exact location and address. Likewise, some people target folks within a certain demographic, so the less they know, the better.

Anyone Can See What You Share
Most people don't realize that unless you've got a restricted profile, anyone can see what you post, not just your friends. Random strangers from across the country or down the street can find your social networking profile and use it to target kids and track them down. Even sharing the name of your child's school can be dangerous, because then a predator already knows one place to find your child.

Beware of Revealing or Racy Posts
Review your family's social networking pages. Do they contain provocative photos? Are there erotic or alluring personal information that might invite a predator to target your family? Make sure personal profiles don't contain inappropriate information that might tempt a predator.

Monitor Friends Using Social Networking Tools
Your kids can never be sure exactly who they're talking to, so monitor their friends on social networks. Is the page consistent with who the person claims to be? Do friends' pages contain provocative or aggressive language? If so, question your kids and get details about who those people claim to be. You may want to remove friends your kids haven't met in person, and use password-protected profiles so strangers can't access them.

An Outlet for Socially Awkward Kids
Besides the dangers of predators finding your kids, social networks can also provide outlets for socially awkward kids. While it's good for these kids to have social interaction, these social networking tools can also serve as a crutch so that your child doesn't feel compelled to seek out social interaction in person.

Beware of the mental toll this can take on kids, and make sure your children are getting plenty of good quality social interaction with other kids in person. Don't let kids use online social networks as a way to avoid real-life interactions, as it gets in the way of developing social skills and can harm current and future relationships.

PUBLISHED BY: Micaela Bocci

Mad, bad and dangerous to play: Are video games really more dangerous than Class A drugs?

http://www.independent.co.uk/

Is playing computer games as addictive as cocaine, crack, or heroin? That largely depends on which newspaper you buy. To The Sun, the addiction is like crack, to the Daily Mail it's more like smack.

But it's not only the tabloids that are convinced that gamers are in peril. The BBC's flagship investigative show Panorama broadcast a doom-laden documentary last month, telling viewers that some gamers had "played themselves to death". One poor fellow said of his pastime of choice: "I would never inflict this game on anyone. This game is a disease. It's just horrible."

Over the past year, the supposed compulsive qualities of computer gaming have made it the latest life-threatening fad. The media have been inventing demons from Elvis Presley to Eminem, and from cancerous mobile phones to the millennium bug. Video games used to make headlines for their supposed propensity for turning children into gun-toting gangsters or psychotic arsonists – "13-year-old schoolboy used petrol to set light to three vehicles after playing on the violent GTA 4: Liberty City game," as the Daily Mail has it.

Mark Reed of Heaven Media, a gaming site with two million visitors who play for an average of 28 hours a week, believes a modern leisure pursuit is under threat from the hysterical nature of some of the coverage. "Gaming is a passion and passion can lead to indulgence to the point of social indifference, but the suggestion that it is linked with crime or health issues is not founded – in fact, it's just stupid," he says. "Drugs, smoking and drink are passions that can lead to destruction. Games at worst lead to RSI [repetitive strain injury]. In fact, gaming can be one of the most socially helpful activities."

In an age where young people are often characterised as malign figures, Reed argues that adults should see the value of an activity that takes place in the home and encourages communication. "If your local council could find a way to get 100 children in a local park to interact, have fun, leave no litter and cause no trouble, it would find money to encourage it as a priority," he says.

Comparisons between crack cocaine and gaming surfaced early last year after a Swedish teenager suffered convulsions from a round-the-clock stint on the game World of Warcraft. In comments picked up by The Sun, Sven Rollenhagen of Sweden's Youth Care Foundation said: "World of Warcraft is the crack cocaine of the computer gaming world. Some people can't drag themselves away and will play it till they drop."

For all its concerns in its "addictive as heroin" article, the Mail admits a paucity of medical evidence. "While some experts reckon that 5-10 per cent of Britain's 46.6 million web users may be addicted to their computers," it asserts vaguely, "within the psychiatric world it is not yet officially recognised as an addiction."

Noelia Rotundo

GLOBALIZATION

Definition Name for the process of increasing the connectivity and
interdependence of the world's markets and businesses. This process has
speeded up dramatically in the last two decades as technological advances
make it easier for people to travel, communicate, and do business
internationally. Two major recent driving forces are advances in
telecommunications infrastructure and the rise of the internet. In general,
as economies become more connected to other economies, they have increased
opportunity but also increased competition. Thus, as globalization becomes a
more and more common feature of world economics, powerful pro-globalization
and anti-globalization lobbies have arisen. The pro-globalization lobby
argues that globalization brings about much increased opportunities for
almost everyone, and increased competition is a good thing since it makes
agents of production more efficient. The two most prominent
pro-globalization organizations are the World Trade Organization and the
World Economic Forum. The World Trade Organization is a pan-governmental
entity (which currently has 144 members) that was set up to formulate a set
of rules to govern global trade and capital flows through the process of
member consensus, and to supervise their member countries to ensure that the
rules are being followed. The World Economic Forum, a private foundation,
does not have decision-making power but enjoys a great deal of importance
since it has been effective as a powerful networking forum for many of the
world's business, government and not-profit leaders. The anti-globalization
group argues that certain groups of people who are deprived in terms of
resources are not currently capable of functioning within the increased
competitive pressure that will be brought about by allowing their economies
to be more connected to the rest of the world. Important anti-globalization
organizations include environmental groups like Friends of the Earth and
Greenpeace; international aid organizations like Oxfam; third world
government organizations like the G77; business organizations and trade
unions whose competitiveness is threatened by globalization like the U.S.
textiles and European farm lobby, as well as the Australian and U.S. trade
union movements.


Read more:
http://www.investorwords.com/2182/globalization.html#ixzz1JAqd6izC

Do you feel like listening to good British English?

If your answer is 'Yes', go to http://www.bbc.co.uk/, click on RADIO, choose the programme you like and enjoy it.
Suggestion by: Mateo Consagra

Globalisation.Definition and different areas that this tackles(By Miguel Medina).

Globalisation (or globalization) describes the process by which regional economies, societies, and cultures have become integrated through a global network of political ideas through communication, transportation, and trade. The term is most closely associated with the term economic globalization: the integration of national economies into the international economy through trade, foreign direct investment, capital flows, migration, the spread of technology, and military presence.^[1] However, globalization is usually recognized as being driven by a combination of economic, technological, sociocultural, political, and biological factors.^[2] The term can also refer to the transnational circulation of ideas, languages, or popular culture through acculturation. An aspect of the world which has gone through the process can be said to be globalized.

Against this view, an alternative approach stresses how globalization has actually decreased inter-cultural contacts while increasing the possibility of international and intra-national conflict. ^[3]

Effects summary

Globalization has various aspects which affect the world in several different ways

• Industrial - emergence of worldwide production markets and broader access to a range of foreign products for consumers and companies. Particularly movement of material and goods between and within national boundaries. International trade in manufactured goods increased more than 100 times (from $95 billion to $12 trillion) in the 50 years since 1955.^[14] China's trade with Africa rose sevenfold during 2000-07 alone.^[15][16]
• Financial - emergence of worldwide financial markets and better access to external financing for borrowers. By the early part of the 21st century more than $1.5 trillion in national currencies were traded daily to support the expanded levels of trade and investment.^[17] As these worldwide structures grew more quickly than any transnational regulatory regime, the instability of the global financial infrastructure dramatically increased, as evidenced by the Financial crisis of 2007–2010.^[18]
• Economic - realization of a global common market, based on the freedom of exchange of goods and capital.^[22] The interconnectedness of these markets, however, meant that an economic collapse in one area could impact other areas.^{[citation needed]} With globalization, companies can produce goods and services in the lowest cost location. This may cause jobs to be moved to locations that have the lowest wages, least worker protection and lowest health benefits. For Industrial activities this may cause production to move to areas with the least pollution regulations or worker safety regulations.

• Job Market- competition in a global job market. In the past, the economic fate of workers was tied to the fate of national economies. With the advent of the information age and improvements in communication, this is no longer the case. Because workers compete in a global market, wages are less dependent on the success or failure of individual economies. This has had a major effect on wages and income distribution.^[25]
• Political - some use "globalization" to mean the creation of a world government which regulates the relationships among governments and guarantees the rights arising from social and economic globalization.^[26] Politically, the United States has enjoyed a position of power among the world powers, in part because of its strong and wealthy economy. With the influence of globalization and with the help of the United States’ own economy, the People's Republic of China has experienced some tremendous growth within the past decade. If China continues to grow at the rate projected by the trends, then it is very likely that in the next twenty years, there will be a major reallocation of power among the world leaders. China will have enough wealth, industry, and technology to rival the United States for the position of leading world power.^[27]

Among the political effects some scholars also name the transformation of sovereignty. In their opinion, 'globalization contributes to the change and reduction of nomenclature and scope of state sovereign powers, and besides it is a bilateral process: on the one hand, the factors are strengthening that fairly undermine the countries' sovereignty, on the other – most states voluntarily and deliberately limit the scope of their sovereignty'.^[28]

• Informational - increase in information flows between geographically remote locations. Arguably this is a technological change with the advent of fibre optic communications, satellites, and increased availability of telephone and Internet.
• Language - the most spoken first language is Mandarin (845 million speakers) followed by Spanish (329 million speakers) and English (328 million speakers).^[29] However the most popular second language is undoubtedly English, the "lingua franca" of globalization:
• About 35% of the world's mail, telexes, and cables are in English.
• Approximately 40% of the world's radio programs are in English.
• English is the dominant language on the Internet.^[30]
• Competition - Survival in the new global business market calls for improved productivity and increased competition. Due to the market becoming worldwide, companies in various industries have to upgrade their products and use technology skilfully in order to face increased competition.^[31]

• Ecological - the advent of global environmental challenges that might be solved with international cooperation, such as climate change, cross-boundary water and air pollution, over-fishing of the ocean, and the spread of invasive species. Since many factories are built in developing countries with less environmental regulation, globalism and free trade may increase pollution and impact on precious fresh water resources(Hoekstra and Chapagain 2008).^[32] On the other hand, economic development historically required a "dirty" industrial stage, and it is argued that developing countries should not, via regulation, be prohibited from increasing their standard of living. Cultural - growth of cross-cultural contacts; advent of new categories of consciousness and identities which embodies cultural diffusion, the desire to increase one's standard of living and enjoy foreign products and ideas, adopt new technology and practices, and participate in a "world culture".^[34] Some bemoan the resulting consumerism and loss of languages. Also see Transformation of culture.
• Spreading of multiculturalism, and better individual access to cultural diversity (e.g. through the export of Hollywood). Some consider such "imported" culture a danger, since it may supplant the local culture, causing reduction in diversity or even assimilation. Others consider multiculturalism to promote peace and understanding between people. A third position that gained popularity is the notion that multiculturalism to a new form of monoculture in which no distinctions exist and everyone shifts between various lifestyles in terms of music, cloth and other aspects once more firmly attached to a single culture. Thus not mere cultural assimilation as mentioned above but the obliteration of culture as we know it today.^[35][36] In reality, as it happens in countries like the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia or New Zealand, people who always lived in their native countries maintain their cultures without feeling forced by any reason to accept another and are proud of it even when they're acceptive of immigrants, while people who are newly arrived simply keep their own culture or part of it despite some minimum amount of assimilation, although aspects of their culture often become a curiosity and a daily aspect of the lives of the people of the welcoming countries.
• Greater international travel and tourism. WHO estimates that up to 500,000 people are on planes at any one time.^{[citation needed][37]} In 2008, there were over 922 million international tourist arrivals, with a growth of 1.9% as compared to 2007.^[38]
• Greater immigration,^[39] including illegal immigration.^[40] The IOM estimates there are more than 200 million migrants around the world today.^[41] Newly available data show that remittance flows to developing countries reached $328 billion in 2008.^[42]
• Spread of local consumer products (e.g., food) to other countries (often adapted to their culture).
• Worldwide fads and pop culture such as Pokémon, Sudoku, Numa Numa, Origami, Idol series, YouTube, Orkut, Facebook, and MySpace; accessible only to those who have Internet or Television, leaving out a substantial portion of the Earth's population.

The construction of continental hotels is a major consequence of globalization process in affiliation with tourism and travel industry, Dariush Grand Hotel, Kish, Iran

·       

• Worldwide sporting events such as FIFA World Cup and the Olympic Games.
• Incorporation of multinational corporations into new media. As the sponsors of the All-Blacks rugby team, Adidas had created a parallel website with a downloadable interactive rugby game for its fans to play and compete.^[43]
• Social - development of the system of non-governmental organisations as main agents of global public policy, including humanitarian aid and developmental efforts.^[44]
• Technical
• Development of a Global Information System, global telecommunications infrastructure and greater transborder data flow, using such technologies as the Internet, communication satellites, submarine fiber optic cable, and wireless telephones
• Increase in the number of standards applied globally; e.g., copyright laws, patents and world trade agreements.
• Legal/Ethical
• The creation of the international criminal court and international justice movements.
• Crime importation and raising awareness of global crime-fighting efforts and cooperation.
• The emergence of Global administrative law.
• Religious
• The spread and increased interrelations of various religious groups, ideas, and practices and their ideas of the meanings and values of particular spaces.^[45]

Improve your neatness skills( by Miguel Medina)

Being neat is important, no matter what you do. It can help you think more clearly, it can improve other people's perception of you, and it can make your chances of succeeding that much better. Think about it, how many people that aren't neat and live in clutter, and are world class hoarders achieved success? Not many. Here are a few tips to help you improve your neatness skills:

Express your need for help. The best thing you can do for you is to confide in someone, either a close friend or a professional that can help you, that you have this problem, and you need help overcoming it. When you have such a problem, you need to let it out, which will then force you to face it head on, and thus resolve it.
Don't keep things you don't need. Lack of neatness is often the result of having too many things around. Keep what is necessary, and discard other items that you do not need. Don't keep things that you feel you can use, keep things that you know you will use. If you haven't used an item in the past year, you probably do not need it.
Organize your environment. Things are neat when they are in order. Therefore, take the habit of doing so. It will help you clean things up, and it will avoid you looking of things all over the place. If things are in order around you, things are more likely to be in order within you.
Patience is key. You will not overcome this issue overnight. And you shouldn't expect yourself to do so. You need to take your time and do it right. Even reward yourself for every little progress you make, instead of feeling awful that there is still more to do.
Keep cleaning, each and every day. You also need to keep things moving forward, and you do not want your environment to get back to what it was before. That is why you need clean each day, even if it's a little bit, to avoid that the situation gets worse and too overwhelming.
Give yourself rules. Learn to be strict with yourself, and give yourself conditions to do certain things, if you cleaned. For example, tell yourself, I'll watch that movie only after I've cleaned up my room. This can be an effective method to motivate yourself to clean daily.

ARGENTINA ARE WE WORRIED ABOUT YOU ?

The teachers at the CEI C-65  wish to survey our readers opinions on the topics that worry them most
If you are interested in our future as a nation, tell us what your worries are. We intend to foster dicussion, constructive discussion, where everybody can have a say. In English or Spanish. But pelase feel free to say what you think our dear ARGENTINA is worried about the most today. What are we doing right and what we are doing wrong. We wlcome your opinions because all of you are our friends, supporters and detractors alike. We are seriously committed to defend expressionand the basic liberty of all humans  . that  of living in a country without censure, curtailment of expression or any other form of tyranny.Let us not gag  our opinions, let us commit ourselves.  So go ahead and tell us what you think And  remember we all live here and the country is what we make of it. . The CEI C-65 S MEMBERS

ON LANGUAGE AND LANGUAGES

Dear Followers ( In particular, but not exclusively)  for my CPE sweeties:

Could you research  the following  : The difference between language and dialect  What did Ferdinand de Saussure say about this ? Provide 3 definitions of Language. What is different  for a first language learner from a second language learner ?  How was it for you ? Bring the answers to these questions  and we will discuss these interesting  topics. Pat

The Importance of Hobbies For Our Mental And Physical Health

(posted by Martha O.)
Source: http://www.bukisa.com/articles/370851_the-importance-of-hobbies-for-our-mental-and-physical-health

A hobby is an activity that is performed strictly for the pleasure derived from doing it. It can be the favorite part of anyone's day. There are hobbies for everyone's interests and involve all kinds of activities and people.

It has always been important to partake in doing something that creates a relaxed atmosphere. Times are hard everywhere and people have always been struggling. Problems and issues create a great amount of stress and that stress is carried on the shoulders of every living person. A hobby is a stress-relieving technique that is vital to happy living.

People meet through hobbies. Shared activities create a friendly atmosphere that encourages the development of new relationships. When there is togetherness, there is no loneliness. It promotes creativeness and imagination when people get together and do entertaining things as a group.

It is hard in today's world for young children to find time for hobbies and that is a shame. Kids today seem so busy with after school activities. These activities can start as a hobby for the child but become so important and serious, it loses its creative and interesting appeal.

Fun activities often point in the direction of a future career. Focusing on things that seem the most interesting as a child can lead to courses and instruction later in life. This is a good way to ensure that a chosen career will be enjoyed and not simply tolerated. Building a career around a childhood hobby can actually be quite profitable in some cases.

Thinking creatively and critically helps keep the mind mentally fit and healthy. As we age, the mind begins to fail somewhat. Activities such as these serve to refresh the mind and the body with enjoyable feelings. Keeping an interest up throughout life can bring in some extra income later in life and everyone can use extra income. It may be important to seek out something to bring the kind of relaxation and stress relief in the later years that is more compatible to age and ability.

It is important to remember to keep a good balance to life. If work is all encompassing, the stress and worry a person feels will never be relieved. Mental and physical health depend not only a balance in diet and exercise but also the kind of activities being done. There must be some play in a persons life for true balance.

Hobbies shared by the entire family help bring everyone together. Children feel accepted and loved when they are included in family activities. Some examples of hobbies that families do together would be going to the park and playing ball, attending sports events or hosting sports parties in the home, and all kinds of different pets. Families raise dogs, keep bees, grow gardens and ride bicycles. When the parents are sure to keep the children involved in all aspects of the hobby but keep it from becoming a pressured job, rather than a pleasurable activity, there stands a good chance the child will carry that hobby on to their own families and children.

Prefixes by Miguel Medina

Here you are a Web page about prefixes. For reasons of confortability and avoid copying and pasting non-stop, I prefered writing the corresponding link: http://www.virtualsalt.com/roots.htm . You only have to click on the underlined words and you will be sent directly to the home page. Thank you very much and have a nice day.

                                              

A Short Definition of Compulsive Hoarding (Article taken from Wikipedia) by Miguel Medina

Compulsive hoarding
Compulsive hoarding (or pathological hoarding or disposophobia)^[1] is the excessive acquisition of possessions (and failure to use or discard them), even if the items are worthless, hazardous, or unsanitary. Compulsive hoarding impairs mobility and interferes with basic activities, including cooking, cleaning, showering, and sleeping.
It is not clear whether compulsive hoarding is an isolated disorder, or rather a symptom of another condition, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder.^[2]

Characteristics

While there is no clear definition of compulsive hoarding in accepted diagnostic criteria (such as the current DSM), Frost and Hartl (1996) provide the following defining features:^[3]

• The acquisition of and failure to discard a large number of possessions that appear to be useless or of limited value
• Living spaces sufficiently cluttered so as to preclude activities for which those spaces were designed
• Significant distress or impairment in functioning caused by the hoarding
• Reluctance or inability to return borrowed items; as boundaries blur, impulsive acquisitiveness could sometimes lead to kleptomania or stealing

According to Sanjaya Saxena, MD, director of the Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders Program at the University of California, San Diego, compulsive hoarding in its worst forms can cause fires, unclean conditions (e.g. rat and roach infestations),^[4] injuries from tripping on clutter and other health and safety hazards.^[5]
The hoarder may mistakenly believe that the hoarded items are very valuable, or the hoarder may know that the accumulated items are useless, or may attach a strong personal value to items which they recognize would have little or no value to others. A hoarder of the first kind may show off a cutlery set claiming it to be made of silver and mother-of-pearl, disregarding the fact that the packaging clearly states the cutlery is made of steel and plastic.
A hoarder of the second type may have a refrigerator filled with uneaten food items months past their expiration dates, but in some cases would vehemently resist any attempts from relatives to dispose of the unusable food. In other cases the hoarder will recognize the need to clean the refrigerator, but due (in part) to feelings that doing so would be an exercise in futility, and overwhelmed by the similar condition of the rest of their living space, fails to do so.